Trends in child labour in Myanmar 2021-24: A study of Mon, Kayin, Kayah and Shan States

Amidst rising poverty, displacement, and economic instability, child labour has increased, with children as young as eight entering the workforce. Many are engaged in hazardous labour, including forced recruitment into armed groups, criminal syndicates, and illicit industries. Gender disparities persist, with boys facing forced conscription and work in fishing and construction, while girls are more likely to be pushed into domestic labour and early marriage. School dropouts have surged due to insecurity, economic hardships, and barriers for displaced children, further diminishing trust in education. Poverty, displacement, and a shift in cultural perceptions have normalized child labour as a survival strategy, exacerbating risks such as malnutrition, trauma, and exploitation, including child trafficking.

To address these challenges, the study recommends strengthening child labour monitoring systems, expanding education access for displaced children, and providing economic support to vulnerable families through cash transfers, microcredit, and vocational training. Safe migration policies and community awareness campaigns are needed to combat trafficking and emerging exploitative practices. Additionally, psychosocial support should be prioritized to help children cope with trauma and conflict-related distress. Given Myanmar’s volatile environment, collaboration with local organizations and flexible aid delivery mechanisms are critical for effective intervention. The report calls for coordinated efforts among policymakers, NGOs, and international donors to address the root causes of child labour and ensure long-term protections for affected children.